96% of Italian family businesses fail before the 4th generation

Family Business Luigi Salmoiraghi Sales Marketing Innovation Manager

For any family business, there’s a statistic that should give every entrepreneur pause for thought: only 4% of family-run businesses in Italy make it to the fourth generation. The rest disappear through failed succession plans, internal conflicts, poor decisions, or worse still, decisions left unmade.

Yet the problem isn’t the next generation. They’re often more educated, more motivated, and more attuned to the modern market than the founders themselves.

The real issue? It is treated as a single event rather than as a strategic, long-term process.

The numbers don’t lie

According to leading studies on the subject:

  • Just 30% of family businesses survive the transition from first to second generation
  • 13% make it to the third
  • Only 4% reach the fourth

And these figures are no accident. They reflect a lack of structure, planning, and forward thinking.

Why Do Succession Plans Fail?

Over the years, working closely with SMEs in Italy and Spain, I’ve witnessed dozens of succession processes fall apart. The root causes are almost always the same. Here are the top four:

1. The transition starts too late

The founder, still hands-on at 75, finally declares it’s time to step aside. But by then, it’s too late. The next generation isn’t ready. The team lacks clarity. The market has moved on.

Planning should begin at least 10–15 years before the handover. It needs to be an integral part of the company’s long-term strategy, not a last-minute change of guard.

2. Family ties are prioritised over capability

“He’s my son, so he’ll run the business.” This is one of the most damaging assumptions. A company isn’t a sentimental heirloom—it’s a complex organization that demands leadership, vision, and skill.

A family name may open doors, but only competence and merit will keep them open. The most successful family businesses have clear, merit-based pathways for younger generations to enter and grow within the company.

3. Change Is Resisted

Many founders remain committed to methods and traditions that were effective decades ago but are now outdated. The words “this is how we’ve always done it” often signal the beginning of the end.

Markets evolve through technology, competition, and shifting customer expectations. Refusing to adapt means stagnation. And when the next generation tries to innovate, they often run into a wall of nostalgia and resistance.

4. Expectations aren’t aligned

The senior generation wants continuity; the junior wants transformation. One seeks obedience, and the other seeks autonomy. The result? Deadlock.

The solution involves structured dialogue, precise role definitions, shared strategic goals, and a mutually agreed-upon timeline for transition.

It is a strategic innovation project.

Family businesses that make it to the fourth generation aren’t lucky—they’re prepared. They understand that succession isn’t just a leadership shift; it’s a chance to redesign, renew, and reinvent.

I’ve worked with business owners who have made bold but necessary choices, including bringing in external advisors, assigning experienced mentors to younger leaders, revising board structures, and separating ownership from day-to-day management.

Most importantly, they’ve reframed the handover as an opportunity, not a threat.

It’s a chance to embrace innovation, modernize operations, enter new markets, and future-proof the business for decades to come.

Best Practices that deliver results

Here are a few examples of what forward-looking family businesses are already doing, often with external support:

  • Structured entry for next-generation family members: they begin at the operational level, rotate through departments, and build trust and knowledge from the ground up.
  • Merit-based roles and clear KPIs: promotions are earned, not gifted.
  • Blended governance: family representatives are supported by external, independent board members who bring balance and experience.
  • Innovation as a priority: not for appearance, but as a lever to rethink products, processes, business models, and go-to-market strategies.
  • Defined timelines: no vaguer “when the time comes.” Instead: “By 2028, the company will adopt this governance model, with these responsibilities and targets.”

What I can offer your business

As a Fractional Sales & Marketing Action Manager, I work closely with family-owned companies to support generational transition with structure, clarity, and results. My focus is not on abstract theory—but on action, growth, and practical execution.

Here’s how I can help:

  • Facilitate strategic alignment between generations and manage the handover process.
  • Redefine commercial and marketing strategies with the next generation fully involved.
  • Assist in repositioning the brand post-founder, both internally and externally.
  • Implement CRM systems, data-driven marketing, and scalable growth tools.
  • Mentor emerging leaders and coach second-line managers for autonomy
  • Guide governance reform and succession planning with a pragmatic, outcome-focused approach

This isn’t just about survival. It’s about building a future where the right people—regardless of surname—can lead with confidence, purpose, and accountability.

Final thoughts

The 4% who make it aren’t luckier or smarter. They’ve understood that generational change must be designed, not deferred.

It takes courage to act. It takes humility to bring others in. It takes discipline to plan succession with the company’s long-term health as the top priority, not personal pride or emotion.

If you want your business to be part of that 4%, the time to act is now.

Please let me know if you’d like a shorter version for LinkedIn or newsletter publication, or a carousel format for social media.

For any family business, there’s a statistic that should give every entrepreneur pause for thought: only 4% of family-run businesses in Italy make it to the fourth generation. The rest disappear through failed succession plans, internal conflicts, poor decisions, or worse still, decisions left unmade.

Yet the problem isn’t the next generation. They’re often more educated, more motivated, and more attuned to the modern market than the founders themselves.

The real issue? It is treated as a single event rather than as a strategic, long-term process.

The numbers don’t lie

According to leading studies on the subject:

  • Just 30% of family businesses survive the transition from first to second generation
  • 13% make it to the third
  • Only 4% reach the fourth

And these figures are no accident. They reflect a lack of structure, planning, and forward thinking.

Why Do Succession Plans Fail?

Over the years, working closely with SMEs in Italy and Spain, I’ve witnessed dozens of succession processes fall apart. The root causes are almost always the same. Here are the top four:

1. The transition starts too late

The founder, still hands-on at 75, finally declares it’s time to step aside. But by then, it’s too late. The next generation isn’t ready. The team lacks clarity. The market has moved on.

Planning should begin at least 10–15 years before the handover. It needs to be an integral part of the company’s long-term strategy, not a last-minute change of guard.

2. Family ties are prioritised over capability

“He’s my son, so he’ll run the business.” This is one of the most damaging assumptions. A company isn’t a sentimental heirloom—it’s a complex organization that demands leadership, vision, and skill.

A family name may open doors, but only competence and merit will keep them open. The most successful family businesses have clear, merit-based pathways for younger generations to enter and grow within the company.

3. Change Is Resisted

Many founders remain committed to methods and traditions that were effective decades ago but are now outdated. The words “this is how we’ve always done it” often signal the beginning of the end.

Markets evolve through technology, competition, and shifting customer expectations. Refusing to adapt means stagnation. And when the next generation tries to innovate, they often run into a wall of nostalgia and resistance.

4. Expectations aren’t aligned

The senior generation wants continuity; the junior wants transformation. One seeks obedience, and the other seeks autonomy. The result? Deadlock.

The solution involves structured dialogue, precise role definitions, shared strategic goals, and a mutually agreed-upon timeline for transition.

It is a strategic innovation project.

Family businesses that make it to the fourth generation aren’t lucky—they’re prepared. They understand that succession isn’t just a leadership shift; it’s a chance to redesign, renew, and reinvent.

I’ve worked with business owners who have made bold but necessary choices, including bringing in external advisors, assigning experienced mentors to younger leaders, revising board structures, and separating ownership from day-to-day management.

Most importantly, they’ve reframed the handover as an opportunity, not a threat.

It’s a chance to embrace innovation, modernize operations, enter new markets, and future-proof the business for decades to come.

Best Practices that deliver results

Here are a few examples of what forward-looking family businesses are already doing, often with external support:

  • Structured entry for next-generation family members: they begin at the operational level, rotate through departments, and build trust and knowledge from the ground up.
  • Merit-based roles and clear KPIs: promotions are earned, not gifted.
  • Blended governance: family representatives are supported by external, independent board members who bring balance and experience.
  • Innovation as a priority: not for appearance, but as a lever to rethink products, processes, business models, and go-to-market strategies.
  • Defined timelines: no vaguer “when the time comes.” Instead: “By 2028, the company will adopt this governance model, with these responsibilities and targets.”

What I can offer your business

As a Fractional Sales & Marketing Action Manager, I work closely with family-owned companies to support generational transition with structure, clarity, and results. My focus is not on abstract theory—but on action, growth, and practical execution.

Here’s how I can help:

  • Facilitate strategic alignment between generations and manage the handover process.
  • Redefine commercial and marketing strategies with the next generation fully involved.
  • Assist in repositioning the brand post-founder, both internally and externally.
  • Implement CRM systems, data-driven marketing, and scalable growth tools.
  • Mentor emerging leaders and coach second-line managers for autonomy
  • Guide governance reform and succession planning with a pragmatic, outcome-focused approach

This isn’t just about survival. It’s about building a future where the right people—regardless of surname—can lead with confidence, purpose, and accountability.

Final thoughts

The 4% who make it aren’t luckier or smarter. They’ve understood that generational change must be designed, not deferred.

It takes courage to act. It takes humility to bring others in. It takes discipline to plan succession with the company’s long-term health as the top priority, not personal pride or emotion.

If you want your business to be part of that 4%, the time to act is now.

Please let me know if you’d like a shorter version for LinkedIn or newsletter publication, or a carousel format for social media.

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Luigi Salmoiraghi

Boost your European growth journey. Senior B2B manager. Expertise in the IT sector. I help businesses navigate the post-Brexit landscape with insights on channels, legal, cultural diversity, marketing and sales.

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